The House of Aršāma, Persian Satrap in Egypt
Satraps (“governors”) did the everyday work of maintaining Persian imperial rule across its vast empire. Ancient texts from Egypt allow us to understand how this arrangement wo
Did the Phoenicians Bring Democracy to Greece?
From Aristotle to John Adams, great minds of government have revered Carthaginian democracy as the purest expression of a people’s will. What impact did it have in the developmen
How Did Cyrus the Great Die?
April 2024 | Vol. 12.4 By Morteza Arabzadeh Sarbanani As far as we know, Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, probably died around 530 BCE at the age of seven
Understanding Trade and Power in Early Egypt: A Geopolitical Approach
March 2024 | Vol. 12.3 By Juan Carlos Moreno García In recent years, several studies have revealed the complex networks of exchanges and circulation of peoples, goods, ideas, and
The Harsh Life of Diplomatic Messengers in Egypt in the Late Bronze Age
September 2023 | Vol. 11.9 By Mohy-Eldin E. Abo-Eleaz International relations in Egypt during the Late Bronze Age (~1500 BCE – 1200 BCE) depended mainly on diplomatic envoys; the
A Sea of Law: The Romans and Their Maritime World
May 2023 | Vol. 11.5 By Emilia Mataix Ferrándiz The sea was key for Rome’s success; it served as the setting of several battles that granted them hegemony over the Mediterranean
“The Egyptian,” King of Moab
March 2023 | Vol. 11.3 By Mattias Karlsson The royal inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian kings Esarhaddon (680–669 BCE) and Ashurbanipal (668–631 BCE) mention a king of Moab named
How Did the Kings of the Late Bronze Age Deal with Rumors?
january 2023 | Vol. 11.1 By Mohy-Eldin Elnady Abo-Eleaz In the Late Bronze Age, a so-called Club of Great Powers arose and divided the control of the Ancient Near East among themse
The ‘Biblical Origins’ of the Etruscans in the 16th Century CE and Their Impact on European Politics
In the 16th century scholars sought the origins of the Etruscans in the world after the Great Flood. For the Pope, the de’ Medicis, and the French, connecting with Noah/Janus was
Cultural Heritage and Human Rights in Ukraine
The Russian war against Ukraine has been a human calamity. The losses are measured first in human lives but also in the destruction of Ukrainian cultural heritage.